Francis Galton Gezileri Ve Coğrafya Araştırmaları

Gezileri ve coğrafya araştırmaları

Francis Galton (d 16 Şubat 1822, Sparkbrook, Birmingham - ö 17 Ocak 1911, Haslemere, Surrey) Kraliçe Viktoriya çağında yaşamış çok yönlü bir İngiliz bilim adamıdır

Seçkin uğraş gösterdigi alanlar arasında coğrafi seyahatler ve keşifler, coğrafya, meteoroloji, psikoloji (özellikle psikometri), kriminoloji, (proto-)genetik bilim, öjenik ve istatistik sayılabilir Galton kutusunun mucididir



-------

Sir Francis Galton FRS (/ˈfrɑːnsɪs ˈɡɔːltən/; 16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911), cousin of Douglas Strutt Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English Victorian polymath: anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician He was knighted in 1909

Galton was a very bright child growing up, learning to read at the age of two and a half A little before he was 4 years old, he had already written his first letter; learned how to do multiplication and tell time when an average child would have learned to do all that after the age of 7
Galton had a prolific intellect, and produced over 340 papers and books He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies

He was a pioneer in eugenics, coining the term itself and the phrase "nature versus nurture" His book Hereditary Genius (1869) was the first social scientific attempt to study genius and greatness

As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental faculties) and differential psychology and the lexical hypothesis of personality He devised a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science He also conducted research on the power of prayer, concluding it had none by its null effects on the longevity of those prayed for

As the initiator of scientific meteorology, he devised the first weather map, proposed a theory of anticyclones, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability