Osmanli Hanedani'nin Etnik Kokenleri

Istatistik calismasi:


Padisahlarin annelerinin etnik kokenleri goz onunde bulunduruldugunda (butun isimlerin ve ozgecmislerin bulundugu ayrintili iki liste forumun tarih bolumunde bulunuyor) rakamlar soyle (kokeni tam bilinmeyen 2 valide sultan haric 30):

Rum 4

Italyan (Venedik, Ceneviz vs) 4

Sirp 4

Arnavut 3

Cerkes 3

Polonyali Yahudi (Leh) 2

Fransiz 2

Bulgar 2

Rus 2

Anadolu Turk Beyliklerinden 2

Ermeni 1

Romen 1



Yani bu rakamlara gore Osmanli hanedaninin

yuzde 934'u Gayri Muslim kokenlidir


Asagidaki grafige tiklarsaniz buyuk halini gorebilirsiniz:


Bunlarin (yuvarlanmis olarak) yuzde

133'u Rum

133'u Italyan

133'u Sirp

10'u Arnavut

10'u Cerkes

66'si (her biri) Leh, Bulgar, Rus, Fransiz ve Turk Beyliklerinden

33'u de (her biri) Ermeni ve Romen asillidir

Osmanli hanedaninin zengin etnik bilesimi Imparatorlugun zengin etnik kulturlerini yansitiyor, gurur duyulacak bir goruntu bu Ayni donemde Avrupa'da hanedanlar kendi iclerinde evlene evlene sakat ve engelli cocuklar dogurmaya baslamislardi (Hapsburglar ozellikle) Osmanli esittir Turk gibi ilkel ve tarihsel olarak yanlis bir formule inananlara duyurulur

Eklemeyi unuttum, bu istatistige katkida bulunmus olan kaynaklari incelemek icin su listeden baslayabilirsiniz:


* Inalcik, Halil, The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age, 1300-1600, London, 1973


* Shaw, Stanford J , History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, 2 vols , New York, 1976-77, with Ezel K Shaw as coauthor of vol II


* Mantran, Robert, ed , Histoire de 1 'Empire ottoman, Paris, 1989


* Matuz, Joseph, Das Osmanische Reich: Grundlinien seiner Geschichte, Darmstadt, 1985


* Holt, P M , et al , ed , The Cambridge History of Islam, 2 vols , Cambridge 1970


* Cook, M A, ed , A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730, Cambridge, 1976, chapters from the Cambridge History of Islam and the New Cambridge Modern History by V J Parry, R Inalcik, A N Kurat, and J S Bromley


* Karpat, Kemal, ed , The Ottoman State and its Place in World History, Leiden, 1974, including essays by


* William McNeill, Arnold Toynbee, Kemal Karpat, Halil Inalcik, and Albert Hourani


* Sugar, Peter, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804, Seattle, 1977 There are also several multivolume, nineteenth-century histories in German and French, by Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, J W Zinkeisen, and N Iorga Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (1774-1852) is especially worthy of mention as the first in this field to employ essentially modern research methods, a generation before Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), whom European historians like to claim as the pioneer of those methods


*Kafadar, Cemal, Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1995


*Imber, Colin, The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1481, Istanbul, 1990


*Wittek, Paul, The Rise of the Ottoman Empire, London, 1938

------, "De la défaite d'Ankara a la prise de Constantinople," Revue des études islamiques, 1 (1938), 1-34


*Köprülü, Fuad, The Origins of the Ottoman Empire, trans and ed Gary Leiser, Albany, 1992, originally published as Les origines de I'Empire ottoman, Paris, 1935

------, Osmanli Imparatorlugu'nun Kurulusu, Istanbul, 1981 (expanded Turkish edition of "Origins of the OE," with other related studies)


*Lindner, Rudi P , Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia, Bloomington, 1983


*Jennings, RC, "Some Thoughts on the Ghazi Thesis," WZKM, LXXVI (1986), 151- 61


*Imber, Colin, "Paul Wittek's 'De la défaite d'Ankara a la prise de Constantinople, "' Osmanli Arastirmalari, V (1986), 65-81


*Özdemir, Hasan, Die altosmanischen Chroniken als Quelle zur türkischen Volkskunde, Freiburg, 1975


*Werner, Ernst, Die Geburt einer Grossmacht: Die Osmanen (1300-1481), Ein Beitrag zur Genesis der türkischen Feodalismus, 3d ed, Berlin, 1978


*Inalcik, Halil, and Mevlud Oguz, ed , Gazava't-i Sultan Murad b Mehemmed Han, Ankara, 1989


*Babinger, Franz, Mehmed the Conqueror and his Time, translated by Ralph Manheim, Princeton, 1978 (original German edition, 1953)


*Har-El, Shai, Struggle for Domination in the Middle East- The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485-91, Leiden, 1995


*Tursun Beg, The History of Mehmed the Conqueror, ed Halil Inalcik and Rhoads Murphey, Minneapolis-Chicago, 1978


*Kritovoulos, History of Mehmed the Conqueror, translated by Charles T Riggs, Princeton, 1954


*Doukas, Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks, translated by Harry J Magoulias, Detroit, 1975


*Sphrantzes, George, The Fall of the Byzantine Empire: A Chronicle by George Sphrantzes, 1401-1477, trans Marios Philippides, Amherst, MA, 1980

------------, A Contemporary Greek Source for the Siege of Constantinople, 1453: Th( Sphrantzes Chronicle, trans Margaret Carroll, Amsterdam, 1985


*Barbaro, Nicolo, Diarv of the Siege of Constantinople, 1453, trans J R Jones, New York, 1969


*Jones, J R , The Siege of Constantinople, 1453: Seven Contemporary Accounts, Amsterdam, 1972


*Runciman, Steven, The Fall of Constantinople, 1453, Cambridge, 1969


*Setton, Kenneth W , The Papacy and the Levant (1204-1571), 4 vols , Philadelphia, 1977-86


*Woods, John E , The Aqquyunlu: Clan, Confederation, Empire, A Study in 15th l 9th Century Turko-Iranian Politics, Minneapolis-Chicago, 1976


*Fisher, Sydney, The Foreign Relations of Turkey, 1481-1512, Urbana, 1948


*Reindl, Hedda, Manner um Bayezid, Berlin, 1983


*Hazard, Harry W , ed , A History of the Crusades, vol III: The Fourteenth an( Fifteenth Century, Madison, 1975


*Miksch, Hans, Der Kampf der Kaiser und Kalifen, 1: Wir sehen uns beim Gold- enen Apfel, Koblenz, 1986


*Bacqué-Grammont, Jean-Louis, Les ottomans, les safavides et leurs voisins: Contribution a 1'histoire des relations internationales dans l'Orient islamique de 1514 a 1524, Istanbul-Leiden, 1987


*Eberhard, Elke, Osmanische Polemik gegen die Safawiden im 16 Jahrhundert nach arabischen Handschriften, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1970


*Allouche, Adel, The Origins and Development of the Ottoman-Safavid Conflict (906-962/1500-1555), Berlin, 1983


*Hess, Andrew, The Forgotten Frontier: A History of the Sixteenth-Century lbero-African Frontier, Chicago, 1978


*Braudel, Fernand, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, translated by Sian Reynolds, 2 vols, 1972- One of the most influential works of the twentieth century in history; Spanish-Ottoman conflict (with European emphasis), seen in its geographical and economic context, during the last Mediterranean-centered century of Western history


*Merriman, Roger B , Suleiman the Magnificent, 1520-1566, Cambridge, MA, 1944


*Clot, André, Soliman le Magnifique, Paris 1983


*Labib, Subhy, "The Era of Süleyman the Magnificent, A Crisis of Orientation," IJMES, X (1979), 435-51; also in Saeculum, XXIX (1978), 269-82


*Tardy, Lajos, Beyond the Ottoman Empire: 14th-16th Century Hungarian Diplomacy in the East, trans Janos Boris, Szeged, 1978


*Schaendlinger, Anton C, Die Feldzugstagebücher des ersten und zweiten ungarischen Feldzugs Süleymans I, Vienna, 1978


*de Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin, The Turkish Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, translated by Edward S Forster, Oxford, 1968 (1927)


*Fisher-Galati, S A, Ottoman Imperialism and German Protestantism, 1521-1555, Cambridie, MA, 1959


*Kortepeter, C Max, Ottoman Imperialism during the Reformation: Europe and the Caucasus, New York, 1972


*Farooqi, Naimur Rahman, Mughal-Ottoman Relations: A Study of Political and Diplomatic Relations between


*Mughal India and the Ottoman Empire, 1556- 1748, Delhi, 1989


*Paneta, Rinaldo, Pirati e corsari turchi e barbareschi nel Mare Nostrum: XVI

secolo, Milan, 1981 ("16th-century Mediterranean Pirates and Corsairs")


*Köprülü, M Fuad, Bizans Müesseselerinin Osmanli Müesseselerine Tesiri, Istanbul, 1981 ("influence of Byzantine institutions on Ot institutions")


*Alderson, Anthony D , The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty, 1966


*Peirce, Leslie P, The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, New York, 1993


*Uluçay, M Çagatay, Osmanli Sultanlarina Ask Mektuplari, Istanbul, 1950 (love letters to Ottoman sultans)

---------Harem, Ankara, 1971 (the imperial harem)

---------Haremden Mektuplar, Istanbul, 1956 (letters to 0 sultans from the women of the imperial harem)

----------Padisahlarin Kadinlari ve Kizlari, Ankara, 1980 (Women and Daughters of the Sultans)


*Miller, Barnette, Beyond the Sublime Porte: The Grand Seraglio of Stambul, New Haven, 1963

--------, The Palace School of Muhammad the Conqueror, Cambridge, MA, 1936 She should have said Mehmed (or Mehemmed) the Conqueror


*Penzer, N M, The Harem, London, 1936


*Papoulia, Basilike D , Ursprung und Wesen der 'Knabenlese' im osmanischen Reich, Munich, 1963 (on the devsirme, or child levy)


*Lybyer, Albert H, The Government of the Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent, Cambridge, MA, 1913; an outdated classic


*Matuz, Josef, Das Kanzleiwesen Sultan Sü1eymans des Prachtigen, Wiesbaden, 1974


*Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, and Enver Meriçli, Hüdavendigar Livasi ve Tahrir Defterleri, vol 1, Ankara, 1988


*Miroglu, Ismet, Kemah Sancagi ve Erzincan Kazasi (1520-1566), Ankara, 1990

*Kunt, I Metin, The Sultan's Servants: The Transformation of Ottoman Provincial Government, 1550-1650, New York, 1983


*Repp, Richard C, The Mufti of Istanbul, London, 1986


*Köprülü, M Fuad, Islam ve Türk Hukuk Tarihi Arastirmalari ve Vakif Müessesesi, Istanbul, 1983 (articles, originally published 1938-50, on law and on pious foundations)


*Akgündüz, Ahmet, Islam Hukukunda ve Osmanli Tatbikatinda Vakif Müessesesi, Ankara, 1988 ("Pious Foundations in Islamic Law and Ottoman Practice")


*Bilge, Mustafa, Ilk Osmanli Medreseleri, Istanbul, 1984 (the first Ott medreses)


*Keddie, Nikki, ed, Scholars, Saints, and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East since 1500, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1972, various articles


*Parry, V J , and Yapp, M E , ed , War, Technology, and Society in the Middle East, London, 1975


*Guilmartin, John, Gunpowder and Galleys: Changing Technology and Mediterranean Warfare at Sea in the Sixteenth Century, New York, 1974


*Beeching, Jack, The Galleys of Lepanto, New York, 1983


*Mihailovic, Konstantin, Memoirs of a Janissary, translated by Benjamin Stolz, Ann Arbor, 1975


*Imber, Colin, "The Navy of Süleyman the Magnificent," Archivum Ottomanicum, VI (1980), 211-82


*Shaw, Stanford J , The Financial and Administrative Organization and Development of Ottoman Egvpt, Princeton, 1962 A Pioneer effort to study a large-scale topic closely from archival sources


*Singer, Amy, "Tapu Tabrir Defterleri and Kadi Sicilleri: A Happy Marriage of Sources," TArih, 1 (1990), 95-125


*Beldiceanu, Nicoara, Le timar dans 1'Etat ottoman (debut YlVe-debut XVIe siécle), Wiesbaden, 1980


*Cvetkova, Bistra A, Les institutions ottomanes en Europe, Wiesbaden, 1978


*Heyd, Uriel, Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law, edited by Victor L Ménage,

Oxford, 1973


*Akdag, Mustafa, Türkiye'nin Iktisadi ve Içtimai Tarihi, 2 vols , c 1971


*Bryer, Anthony, and Heath Lowry, ed, Continuity and Change in Late Byzantine

and Early Ottoman Society, Washington-Birmingham, UK, 1986


*Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, Türkiye'de Toprak Meselesi, Istanbul, 1980 ("the land problem in [Ottoman] Turkey)


*Akgündüz, Ahmed, Osmanli Kanunnameleri ve Hukuki Tahlilleri, Istanbul, 1990


*Cook, M A , Population Pressure in Rural Anatolia, 1450-1600, London, 1972


*Cohen, Amnon, and Bernard Lewis, Population and Revenue in the Towns of Palestine in the Sixteenth Century, Princeton, 1978


*Faroqhi, Suraiya, Towns and Townsmen of Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520-1650, Cambridge, 1984

---------, Herrscher über Mekka: Die Geschichte der Pilgerfahrt, Munich-Zurich, 1990

---------, Pilgrims and the Sultans: The Hajj under the Ottomans, 1517-1683, London, 1994


*Veinstein, Gilles, "Les 'çiftlik' de colonisation dans les steppes du nord de la Mer Noire au XVIe siécle," IFM, XLI (1985), 177-236


*Zachariadou, Elizabeth A, Trade and Crusade: Venetian Crete and the Emirates of Menteshe and Aydin (1300-1415), Venice, 1983

---------, Romania and the Turks, ca 1300-ca 1500, London, Variorum, 1985


*Ashtor, Eliyahu, Levant Trade in the Later Middle Ages, Princeton, 1983


*Inalcik, Halil, "Osmanli Idare, Sosyal, ve Ekonomik Tarihiyle ilgili Belgeler: Bursa Kadi Sicillerinden Seçmeler," Belgeler, X (1981), 1-91, XIII (1988), 1-41 (Docts on admin, sor & ec hist from Bursa kadi records)

---------, "Capital Formation in the Ottoman Empire," Journal of Economic Histor,y, XXIX (1969), 97-140


*Barkan, Ömer Lutfi, "The Price Revolution of the Sixteenth Century: A Turning Point in the Economic History of the Near East," IJMES, VI (1975), 3-28 A sample of the work of the major Turkish economic historian, whose work Braudel found interesting and often referred to (but the translation is not exact)


*Kafadar, Cemal, "Les troubles monétaires de la fin du XVIe siécle et la prise de conscience ottomane du déclin," Annales: Economies, societe's, civilisations, 11 [?] (1991), 381-400


*Sahillioglu, Halil, "The Role of International Monetary and Metal Movements in Ottoman Monetary History, 1300-1750," in Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern World, ed J F Richards, Durham, NC, 1983


*Çizakça, Murat, "A Short History of the Bursa Silk Industry (1500-1900)," Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, XXIII (1980), 142-52


*Islamoglu-Inan, Huri, ed , The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy, Cambridge-Paris, 1987

-------------, State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire: Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development, Leiden, 1994


*Keyder, Çaglar, and Faruk Tabak, eds, Landholding and Commercial Agriculture in the Middle East, Albany, 1991


*Berktay, Halil, and Suraiya Faroqhi, eds, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, London, 1992


*Taeschner, Franz, Zünfte und Bruderschaften im Islam, Zurich-Munich, 1979


*Skilliter, Susan, William Harborne and the Trade with Turkey, 1578-1582: A Documentary Study of the First Anglo-Ottoman Relations, Oxford, 1977


*Müller, Hans, Die Kunst des Sklavenkaufs nach arabischen, persischen and türkischen Ratgebern vom 10 bis zum 18 Jahrhundert, Freiburg-im- Breisgau, 1980


*Kortepeter, Carl M, " Ottoman Imperial Policy and the Economy of the Black Sea Region," JAOS, LXXXVI (1966), 86-112


*Inalcik, Halil, "The Policy of Mehmed the Conqueror toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City," Dumbarton Oaks Papers, XXIII-XXIV (1969-70), 231-49

--------, "The Hub of the City: The Bedesten of Istanbul," IJTS, 1 (1979-80), 1-17


*Lewis, Bernard, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, Norman, OK, 1963


*Mantran, Robert, La vie quotidienne a Constantinople au temps de Soliman le Magnifique et de ses successeurs (XVIe et XVIIe siécles), Paris, 1965


*Barkan, Ömer Lütfi, Süleymaniye Cami ve Insaati (1550-1557), 2 vols , Ankara, 1972-79 (Building of Silleymaniye Mosque; a soc-ec study), on which see Rogers, J M, "The State and the Arts in Ottoman Turkey, Part 1: The Stones of Süleymaniye," IJMES, XIV (1982), 71-86-, id,"The State and the Arts in Ottoman Turkey, Part 2: The Furniture and Decoration of Süleymaniye," IJMES, XIV (1982), 283-313

Hattox, Ralph, Coffee and Coffeehouses: The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East, Seattle, 1985


*Goffman, Daniel, Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550-1650, Seattle, 1990


*Todorov, Nikolai, The Balkan City, 1400-1900, Seattle, 1983


*Lampe, John R, and Marvin R Jackson, Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations, Bloomington, 1982


*Zimanyi, V , Economy and Society in 16th and 17th Century Hungary (1525-1650), Budapest, 1987


*Raymond, André, The Great Arab Cities in the 16th-18th Centuries: An Introduction, New York, 1984; id, Grandes villes arabes a I 'époque ottomane, Paris, 1985 (a longer work on the same subject as the first)


*Hütteroth, W-D, and K Abdulfattah, Historical Geography of' Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century, Erlangen, 1977


*Moutafchieva, Vera, Le vakif -- un aspect de la structure socio-economique de 1 'Empire ottoman (XVe-XVIIe s ), Sofia, 1981


*Runciman, Steven, The Great Church in Captivity: A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eye of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence, Cambridge, 1968


*Lewis, Bernard, The Jews of Islam, Princeton, 1984


*Singer, Amy, Palestinian Peasants and Ottoman Officials: Rural Administration around Sixteenth-Century Jerusalem, Cambridge, 1994


*Cohen, Amnon, Jewish Life under Islam: Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge, MA, 1984

--------, Economic Life in Ottoman Jerusalem, Cambridge, 1989


*Bashan, Eliezer, Economic Life of the Jews in the Balkans and Anatolia, 1453- 1600, New York, 1989


*Rozen, Minna, The Jewish Community of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century [in Hebrew], Tel Aviv, 1984


*Shmuelewitz, Aryeh, The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the Late Fifteenth and the Sixteenth Centuries: Administrative, Economic, Legal and Social Relations as Reflected in the Responsa, Leiden, 1984

Epstein, Mark, The Ottoman Jewish Communities and their Role in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Freiburg, 1980


*Braude, Benjamin, and Bernard Lewis, eds, Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, 2 vols, New York, 1982


*Frazee, Charles A , Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire, 1453-1923, London, 1983


*Chevalier, Michel, Les montagnards chrétiens du Hakkari et du Kurdistan septentrional, Paris, 1985 (on Nestorian Christians in southeastern Turkey)


*Inalcik, Halil, "Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire," Archivum Ottomanicum, VI (1980), 283-337


*Fleischer, Cornell, "From Sehzade Korkud to Mustafa Ali: Cultural Origins of the Ottoman Nasihatname," unpublished [still?] paper presented at the Third International Congress on the Economic and Social History of Turkey, Princeton, 1983


*Howard, Douglas, "Ottoman Historiography and the Literature of 'Decline' of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," Journal of Asian History, XXII (1988), 52-77

*--------, "The Ottoman Timar System and its Transformation, 1563-1656," PhD diss, Indiana U, 1987


*Finkel, Caroline, The Administration of Warfare: The Ottoman Campaigns in Hungary, 1593-1606, Vienna, 1988


*Darling, Linda, "The Ottoman Finance Department in a Century of Crisis," PhD diss, University of Chicago, 1990


*Inalcik, Halil, "The Origins of the Ottoman-Russian Rivalry and the Don-Volga Canal," Annals of the University of Ankara (=Ankara Üniversitesi Dil- Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi), 1 (1946-47), 47-106


*Kurat, Akdes Nimet, "The Turkish Expedition to Astrakhan in 1569 and the Problem of the Don-Volga Canal," Slavonic and East European Review, XL (1961), 7-23


*Bennigsen, Alexandre, "L'expedition turque contre Astrakhan en 1569 d'aprés les registres des 'affaires importantes' des archives ottomanes," Cahiers du monde russe et sovietique, XIII (1967), 427-46


*Jelavich, Barbara, History of' the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, New York, 1983


*Rycaut, Sir Paul, The History of the Turkish Empire, 1623-1677, London, 1680 -,

--------,The Present State of the Ottoman Empire, London, 1668; reprinted 1971 Anderson, Sonia P , An English Consul in Turkey: Paul Rycaut at Smyrna, 1667- 1678, Oxford, 1989


*Barker, Thomas M, Double Eagle and Crescent: Vienna's Second Siege and its Historical Setting, Albany, NY, 1967


*Düriegl, G , Wien 1683: Die zweite Türkenbelagerung, Vienna, 1981


*Broucek, Peter, et al, Der Sieg bei Wien 1683, Vienna-Warsaw, 1983


*Nouzille, Jean, Histoire de frontiéres, I'Autriche et 1'Empire ottoman, Paris, 1991


*Abou-el-Haj RA, The 1703 Rebellion and the Structure of Ottoman Politics, Istanbul, 1984 (?)


*Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, edited by Edward Halsband, vol 1, Oxford, 1967, letters on Turkey, pp 296-427


*De Groot, Alexander, The Ottoman Empire and the Dutch Republic: A History of the Earliest Diplomatic Relations, Leiden, 1978


*Erdbrink, G R Bosscha, At the Threshold of Felicity: Ottoman-Dutch Relations during the Embassy of Cornelis Calkoen at the Sublime Porte, 1726- 1744, Ankara, 1975


*Sumner, B H, Peter the Great and the Ottoman Empire, Oxford, 1949


*Itzkowitz, Norman, and Max Mote, ed and trans, Mubadele--An Ottoman-Russian

Exchange of Ambassadors, Chicago, 1967; exchange of ratifications of Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, 1774


*Fisher, Alan W, The Russian Annexation of the Crimea, 1772-1783, Cambridge, 1970


*Davison, Roderic H, "'Russian Skill and Turkish Imbecility': The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji Reconsidered," Slavic Review, XXV (1976), 463-83


*Naff, Thomas, and Roger Owen, ed, Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History, Carbondale, 1977


*Crecelius, Daniel, The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of 'Ali Bey al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu al-Dhahab, 1760-1775, Minneapolis and Chicago, 1981


*Röhrborn, Klaus, Untersuchungen zur osmanischen Verwaltungsgeschichte, Berlin, 1973


*Darling, Linda T, Revenue-Raising and Legitimacy: Tax Collection and Finance Administration in the Ottoman Empire, 1560-1660, Leiden, 1996


*Majer, Hans Georg, ed , Das Osmanische "Registerbuch der Beschwerden" (Sikayet Defteri) vom Jahre 1675, 2 vols, Vienna, 1984-


*Inalcik, Halil, "Adaletnameler," Belgeler, 11 (1965), 49-145 ("Justice Letters," issued to prohibit administrative abuses)

------, "Military and Fiscal Transformation in the Ottoman Empire," Archivum Ottomanicum, VI (1980), 283-337


*Sahillioglu, Halil, "The Income and Expenditures of the Ottoman Treasury between 1683 and 1740," Revue d'histoire maghrebine, XXV-XXVI (1982), 65- 84


*Suceska, Avdo, "Die örtlichen Verwaltungsorgane des Osmanischen Reiches bis Ende des 17 Jh " Zeitschrift für Balkanologie, 1 (1962), 153-81; A S is one of Yugoslavia's best Ottoman historians His publications are important for this period in general, not just for Yugoslavia See also:

-------, "Bedeutung und Entwicklung des Begriffes A'yan im Osmanischen Reich," SF, XXV (1966), 3-26

------, "Die Entwicklung der Besteuerung durch die Avariz-i divaniye and die Tekalif-i örfiye im Osmanischen Reich wahrend des 17 und 18 Jahrhunderts," SF, XXVII (1968), 89-130


*d'Ohsson, Ignatius Mouradgea, Tableau général de I'Empire ottoman, 7 vols, Paris, 1788-1824


*Hammer, Joseph von, Des osmanischen Reichs Staatsverfassung und Stastsverwaltung, 2 vols, Vienna, 1815; reprinted 1967

*Mutafcieva, Vera P, and Str A Dimitrov, Sur 1'e'tat des timars des XVIle- XVIlle siécles, Sofia, 1968


*Aksan, Virginia H, An Ottoman Statesman in War and Peace: Ahmed Resmi Efendi, 1700-1783, Brill, 1995


*Rothenberg, Gunther E, and Bela K Kiraly, ed, East Central European Society and War in the

*Pre-Revolutionary Eighteenth Century, New York, 1982


*Murphey, Rhoads, "The Functioning of the Ottoman Army under Murad IV (1623- 1639/1032-1049): Key to the Understanding of the Relationship between Center and Periphery in Seventeenth-Century Turkey," PhD diss, U of Chicago, 1979


*Levy, Avigdor, "Military Reform and the Problem of Centralization in the Ottoman Empire," Middle Eastern Studies, XVIII (1982), 227-49


*Anderson, R C , Naval Wars in the Levant, 1559-1853, Princeton, 1952


*Majer, Hans Georg, Vorstudien zur Geschichte der Ilmiye im Osmanischen Reich 1: Zu Usakizade, seiner Familie und seinem Zeyl-i Sakayik, Munich, 1978


*Heyd, Uriel, "The Ottoman Ulema and Westernization in the Age of Selim III and Mahmud II," Scripta


*Hierosalymitana, IX: Studies in Islamic Hlstory and Civilization (1961), 63-96


*Zilfi, Madeline, The Politics of Piety: The Ottoman Ulema in the Postclassical Age (1600-1800), Minneapolis, 1988


*Krüger, Hilmar, Fetwa und Siyar: Zur internationalrechtlichen Gutachtenpraxis der osmanischen Seyh ül-Isla'm vom 17 bis 19 Jahrhundert unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des "Behcet ül-Fetava," Wiesbaden, 1978 (on the role of the Seyh ül-Islam


*Griswold, William J, The Great Anatolian Rebellion, 1000-1020/ 1591-1611, Berlin, 1983

Kunt, I Metin, Bir Osmanli Valisinin Ylllik Gelir-Gideri: Diyarbakir, 1670- 71, Istanbul, 1981 (a governor's income and expenditure)


*Evliya Çelebi, Diyarbakir in the Mid-Seventeenth Century: Evliya Çelebi's Description of Diyarbakir, ed and trans Martin van Bruinessen and Hendrik Boeschoten, Leiden, 1988

-----------,Evliya Celebi in Bitlis: The Relevant Section of the Seyahatname, ed and trans Robert Dankoff, Leiden, 1990

----------, The Intimate Life of an Ottoman Statesman, Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588- 1662), as Portrayed in Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels (Seyahatname), ed and trans Robert Dankoff, Albany 1991


*Faroqhi, Suraiya, Men of Modest Substance: House Owners and House Property in Seventeenth-Century Ankara and Kayseri, Cambridge, 1987


*Jennings, Ronald C, "Loans and Credit in Early 17th Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri," JESHO, XVI (1973), 168- 216

---------, "Women in Early 17th Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri," JESHO, XVIII (1975), 53-114

-----------, "The Office of Vekil (Wakil) in 17th Century Ottoman Sharia Courts," ST, XLII (1975), 147-69

------------, "Kadi, Court, and Legal Procedure in 17th Century Ottoman Kayseri," SI, XLVIII (1978), 133-72

------------, "Zimmis (Non-Muslims) in Early 17th Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri," JESHO, XXI (1978), 225-93

------------, "Limitations of the Judicial Powers of the Kadi in 17th Century Ottoman Kayseri," SI, L (1979), 151-84

----------, "Firearms, Bandits, and Gun-Control: Some Evidence on Ottoman Policy toward Firearms in the *Possession of Reaya, from Judicial Records of Kayseri, 1600-1627," Archivum Ottomanicum, VI (1980), 39-58

------------, "The Legal Position of Women in Kayseri, a Large Ottoman City, 1590- 1630," International Journal of Women's Studies, III (1980), 559-82


*Gerber, Haim, Economy and Society in an Ottoman City" Bursa: 1600-1700, Jerusalem, 1988

-------------,"The Muslim Law of Partnerships in Ottoman Court Records," SI, Llll (1981), 109-19

-------------, "Social and Economic Position of Women in an Ottoman City, Bursa, 1600- 1700," IJMES, XII (1980), 231-44

--------------, "Sharia, Kanun and Custom in the Ottoman Law: The Court Records of 17th-Century Bursa," IJMES, 11 (1981), 131-47


*El-Nahal, Galal H , The Judicial Administration of Ottoman Egypt in the Seventeenth Century, Minneapolis and Chicago, 1979


*Davis, Fanny, The Ottoman Lady: A Social History from 1718 to 1918, New York, 1986


*McGowan, Bruce, Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for Land, 1600-1800, Cambridge, 1981


*Cezar, Yavuz, Osmanli Maliyesinde Bunalim ve Degisim Dönemi (XVIII yy'dan Tanzimat'a Mali Tarih), Istanbul *(?), 1986 ("Crisis and Change in Fin Admin, 18th C to Tanzimat)


*Wood, Alfred, A History of the Levant Company, 1935


*Svoronos, Nicolas, Le commerce de Salonique au XVIIIe siécle, Paris, 1956


*Stoianovich, Traian, "The Conquering Balkan Orthodox Merchant," Journal of Economic History, XX (1960), 234-313


*Kütükoglu, Mübahat S , Osmanlilarda Narh Müessesesi ve 1640 Tarihli Narh Defteri, Istanbul, 1983 (Ott Price Control System)


*Bagis, Ali Ihsan, Osmanli Ticaretinde Gayrimüslimler: Kapitulasyonlar-- Beratli Tüccarlar--Avrupa ve Hayriye Tüccarlari (1750-1839), Ankara, 1983 (Non-Muslims in Ottoman Trade)

*Fisher, Alan, "Chattel Slavery in the Ottoman Empire," Slavery and Abolition, 1 (1980), 25-45

--------, "Studies in Ottoman Slavery and the Slave Trade, IT: Manumission," Journal of Turkish Studies, IV (1980), 49-56


*Jahn, Karl Türkische Freilassungserklarungen des 18 Jahrhunderts (1702-1776), Naples, 1963 (documents on manumission of slaves; HT1238 T87)


*Willis, John Ralph, ed, Slaves and Slavery in Muslim Africa: 1: Islam and the Ideology of Slavery; 11: The Servile Estate, London, 1985


*Mantran, Robert, Istanbul dans la seconde moitié du XVIle siécle: Essai d'histoire institutionelle, économique, et sociale, Paris, 1962


*Halaçoglu, Yusuf, XVIII Yüzyilda Osmanli Imparatorlugu'nun Iskan Siyaseti ve Asiretlerin Yerlestirilmesi (Ankara, 1988; "Sedentarization Policy and Tribal Settlement in the Eighteenth Century


*Suceska, Avdo, "The Position of the Raya in Bosnia in the 18th Century," Pregled (Sarayevo), LXVIII (1978), 208-25


*Inalcik, Halil, "The Ottoman Decline and its Effects upon the Reaya," in IIe Congrés international des études du Sud-Est européen, 111, 73-90 (Athens, 1978)

----------,"The Appointment Procedure of a Guild Warden (Kethüda)," WZKM, LXXVI

a (1986), 135-42


*Hourani, Albert, "The Changing Face of the Fertile Crescent in the XVIIIth Century," SI, VIII (1957), 89-122


*Marcus, Abraham, The Middle East on the Eve of Modernity: Aleppo in the Eighteenth Century, New York, 1989


*Schatkowski Schilcher, Linda, Families in Politics: Damascene Factions and Estates of the 18th and 19th Centuries, Wiesbaden-Stuttgart, 1985


*Barbir, Karl K , Ottoman Rule in Damascus, 1708-1758, Princeton, 1980


*Rafeq, Abdul-Karim, The Province of Damascus, 1723-1783, Beirut, 1966


*Abu-Husayn, Abdul-Rahim, Provincial Leadership in Syria, 1575-1650, Beirut, 1985


*Cohen, Amnon, Palestine in the 18th Century: Patterns of' Government and Administration, Jerusalem, 1973


*Sanjian, Avedis, The Armenian Communities in Syria under Ottoman Dominion, Cambridge, MA, 1975


*Kemp, Percy, Territories d’Islam: Le monde du Mosoul au XVIIIe siécle, Paris 1982


*Raymond, André, Artisans et commerçants au Caire au XVIIIe siécle, 2 vols, Damascus, 1974, one of the most ambitious recent works in Islamic studies

al-Jabarti, ‘Abd al-Rahman, Al-Jabarti’s Chronicle of the Seven Months of the Frenxh Occupation of Egypt, translated by S Moreh, Lediden 197-

----------, Journal d’un notable du Caire durant l’expedition française, 1789-1801, trans Joseph Cuog, Paris, 1979 (reprint of an old translation)


*Phillip, Thomas, The Syrians in Egypt, 1725-1975, Berlin, 1984


*Moztki, Harald, Dimma und Egalite: Die nichtmuslimischen Minderheiten Agyptens in der Zweiten Halfte des 18 Jahrhunderts und die Expedition Bonapartes, 1798-1801, Bonn 1979


*Valensi, Lucette, Tunisian Peasants in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Cambridge, 1985


*Panzac, Daniel, La peste dans l’Empire ottoman (1700-1850), Paris-Louvain, 1985

----------, Quarantaines et lazarets: L’Europe et la peste d’Orient, Aix-en-Provence, 1987 (?)


*Kafadar, Cemal, "Self and Others: The Diary of a Dervish in Seventeenth Century Istanbul and First-Person Narratives in Ottoman Literature, Studia Islamica, LXIX (1989), 121-50


*Yücel, Yasar, Osmanli Devlet Teskilatina dair Kaynaklar: Kitab-i Müstetab; Kitabu Mesalihi’l Müslimin ve Menafi'i 'l-Mii'minin;Hirzü’l Müluk, Ankara,1988


*Hochhut, Pia, Die Moschee Nuruosma'niye in Istanbul: Beitrage zur Bauges chichte nach osmanischen Quellen, Berlin, 1986


*Thomas, Lewis, A Study of Naima, ed Norman Itzkowitz, New York, 1972


*Wurm, Heidrun, Der osmanische Historiker Hüseyn b Gafer, genannt Hezarfenn, und die Istanbuler Gesellschaft in der zweiten Halfte des 17 Jahrhunderte, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1971


*Göcek, Fatma Müge, East Encounters West: France and the Ottoman Empire in the Eighteenth Century, New York, 1987


*Mehmed Efendi, Le paradis des infidéles: Relation de Yirmisekiz Çelebi Mehmed Efendi, ambassadeur Ottoman en France sous la Régence, trans J-C Galland, ed Gilles Veinstein, Paris, 1981


*Sari Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman Statecraft: The Book of Counsel for Vezirs and Governors ed and trans Walter L Wright, Princeton, 1935


*Kehl-Bodrogi, Krisztina, Die Kizilbas/Aleviten: Untersuchungen über eine esoterische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Anatolien, Berlin, 1988


*Yola, S, Schejch Nureddin Mehmed Cerrahi und sein Orden (1721-1925), Berlin, 1982


*Birken, Andreas, Die Provinzen des Osmanischen Reiches, Wiesbaden, 1976 Kornrumpf, Hans-Jürgen, Die Territorialverwaltung im östlichen Teil der europaischen Türkei vom Erlass der Vilayetsordnung (1864) bis zum Berliner Kongress (1878) nach amtlichen osmanischen Veröffentlichungen, Freiburg-im-Breisgau,1976 (local administration)


*Çadirci, Musa, Tanzimat Döneminde Anadolu Kentleri 'nin Sosyal ve Ekonomik Yapilari, Ankara, 1991


*Findley, Carter Vaughn, Bureaucratic Reform in the Ottoman Empire: The Sublime Porte, 1789-1922, Princeton, 1980


*Jessup, J E, Balkan Mili tary History: A Bibliographv, New York, 1986


*Ortayli, Ilber, Türkiye Idare Tarihi, Ankara, 1979 (administration)


*Ursinus, Michael, Regionale Reformen im Osmanischen Reich am Vorabend der Tanzimat, Berlin, 1982


*Cuno, Kenneth M, The Pasha's Peasants: Land, Society, and Economy in Lower Egypt, 1740-1858, Cambridge, 1992


*Duben, Alan, and Cem Behar, Istanbul Households: Marriage, Family and Fertility, 1880-1940, Cambridge, 1991


*Fawaz, Leila Tarazi, Merchants and Migrants in Nineteenth-Century Beirut, Beirut, 1983


*Findley, Carter Vaughn, Ottoman Civil Officialdom: A Social History, Princeton, 1989


*Gerber, Haim, Ottoman Rule in Jerusalem, 1890-1914, Berlin, 1985


*Gerber, Haim, The Social Origins of the Modern Middle East, Boulder, 1987


*Güran, Tevfik, Structure économique et sociale d'une region de campagne dans I'Empire ottoman vers le milieu du XlXe siécle, Sofia, 1979


*Hunter, F Robert, Egypt under the Khedives, 1805-1879, Pittsburgh, 1984


*Issawi, Charles, An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa, New York, 1982

-------, The Economic History of Turkey, 1800-1914, Chicago, 1980


*Johnson, Michael, Class and Client in Beirut: The Sunni Muslim Community and the Lebanese State, 1840-1985, London, 1986


*Karpat, Kemal H, Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics, Madison, 1985


*Kössler, Armin, Aktionsfeld Osmanisches Reich: Die Wirtschaftsinteressen des Deutschen Kaiserreiches in der Türkei, 1871-1890, New York, 1981


*Krikorian, Mesrob K , Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860- 1908, London, 1977


*Kushner, David, ed , Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period: Political Social and Economic Transformation, Jerusalem-Leiden, 1986


*Marsot, Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid, Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad Ali, Cambridge, 1984


*McCarthy, Justin, The Arab World, Turkey and the Balkans, 1878-1914: A Handbook of Historical Statistics, London, 1982

---------, Muslims and Minorities: The Population of Ottoman Anatolia and the End of the Empire, New York, 1983


*McGrew, William W, Land and Revolution in Modern Greece, 1800-1871: The Transition in the Tenure and Exploitation of the Land from Ottoman Rule to Independence, Kent, 1985


*Mowafi, P, Slavery, Slave Trade and Abolition Attempts in Egypt and the Sudan, 1820-1882, Malmö, 1981


*Ochsenwald, William, The Hijaz Railway, Charlottesville, 1980

--------, Religion, Society and the State in Arabia: The Hijaz under Ottoman Control, 1840-1908, Columbus, 1984


*Owen, Roger, The Middle East in the World Economy, 1800-1914, London, 1981


*Pamuk, Sevket, Osmanli Ekonomisi ve Dünya Kapitalizmi (1820-1913), Ankara, 1984 (0 econ and world capitalism)

------, The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism, 1820-1913: Trade, Investment and Production, Cambridge, 1987

-------, 1, The Ottoman Empire In the 'Great Depression' of 1873-1896," Journal of Economic History, XLIV (1984), -


*Quataert, Donald, Social Disintegration and Popular Resistance in the Ottoman Empire, 1881-1908: Reactions to European Economic Penetration, New York, 1983


*Rodrigue, Aron, French Jews, Turkish Jews: The Alliance Israelite Universelle and the Politics of Jewish Schooling in Turkey, 1860-1925, Bloomington, 1990


*Rosenthal, Steven T, The Politics of Dependency: Urban Reform in Istanbul, Westport, CT, 1980


*Sakaoglu, Necdet, Anadolu Derebeyi Ocaklarindan Köse Pasa Hanedani, Ankara, 1984 Veinstein, Gilles, ed, Salonique, 1850-1918: La 'ville des Juifs' et le reveil des Balkans, Paris, 1992


*Sayar, Ahmed Güner, Osmanli Iktisat Düsüncesinin Çagdaslasmasi (Klasik Dönem'den II Abdülhamid'e), Istanbul, 1986 (Modernization of 0 Economic Thought, from the Classic Period to Abd ül-Hamid II)


*Serpil Çakir, Osmanli Kadin Hareketi, Istanbul, 1994


*Sha'afi, M S, The Foreign Trade of Juddah during the Ottoman Period, 1840- 1916, Jeddah, 1985


*Stone, Frank Andrews, Academies for Anatolia: A Study of the Rationale, Program, and Impact of the Educational Institutions Sponsored by the American Board in Turkey, New York, 1984


*Thobie, J , Interets et impérialisme français dans 1 'Empire ottoman (1895- 1914), Paris, 1977

------, Ali et les 40 voleurs: Impérialisme et Moyen-Orient de 1914 a nos jours, Paris, 1985


*Toledano, Ehud R , The Ottoman Slave Trade and its Suppression, 1840-1890, Princeton, 1982


*Toledano, Ehud R, State and Society in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Egypt, Cambridge, 1990


*Toprak, Zafer, Türkiye'de "Milli Iktisat" (1908-1918), Ankara, 1982 (development of "nationalist economics" in T)


*Wallach, Jehuda L, Anatomie einer Militarhilfe: Die preussisch-deutschen Militirmissionen in der Türkei, 1835-1919, Düsseldorf, 1976