What İs İslam İslam

What is Islam Islam
Hakkında What is Islam Islam




What is Islam Islam:

Peygamberimiz Hz Muhammed (sas) in order from Allah to accept what he communicated, in obedience to Allah and the prophet is to show that they accept In short: Islam, is believed to live

Pre-Islamic

The Arabian Peninsula the birthplace of Islam is one of the hottest and driest regions in the world, consisting mainly of deserts Since ancient times tribes of the nomadic race had populated the region Considered the descendents of Noah’s third son Shem they are called Semites Over the centuries theses Semitic people have migrated into the Fertile Crescent and were assimilated to into existing civilizations

In the sixth century AD, north of the Arabian Peninsula two great powers were locked in a seesaw power struggle The Christian Byzantine kingdom, successors of the Roman Empire was to the Northwest and controlled the Mediterranean Sea, North Africa and the lands of Palestine In the northeast lay the Zoroastrian Persian kingdom Both the Byzantine and Persian kingdoms had client Arab tribes allied to their cause of trade and conquest

The Arabian Peninsula became a land of refuge for those seeking escape from both of these empires Heretic Christian sects like the Nestorians, and Jewish tribes escaping the oppressive Byzantines found refuge in the protective deserts and cities of the Peninsula

Arabia was divided into tribes and cities Each city had gods and goddess Once a year the tribes and cities of Arabia would meet in the city of Mecca during an event known as the Hajj In Mecca, the Kaba (Cube), a large cube shaped building housed 360 idols from all the tribes of Arabia The Kaba was the center of Arabian religious life Here all the warring tribes would put aside their differences as they circled the Kaba From the Kaba they would proceed to the other shrines outside of Mecca during this five day religious event The Hajj was a tradition that Arabs of the peninsula remembered going back hundreds of years

Mohammed

It was in this world Mohammad Ibn Abdallah was born in the year 570 AD in the city of Mecca His father died before he was born and his mother Amina died when he was 6 years old Al-Muttalib his grandfather took charge of the youth and died 2 years later Abu Talib his uncle adopted young Mohammed into his family and raised him as his own son At the age of 12, young Mohammed was taken on a caravan-trading venture to Syria and experienced the world outside of Arabia for the first time Here Islamic tradition informs us that a Christian monk named Buhaira, proclaimed Talib’s young nephew is the last prophet and warns him about the Jews For the next 13 years little is known of his life except that he was involved in caravan trading in and out of Arabia

At the age of 25, Mohammed marries a 40 year old wealthy, widow named Khadijah who owns trading caravans During the next 15 years of his life he interactes with Arabs known as the Hanefites Hanefites were Arabs who rejected idol worship and were searching for the true religion They looked to the religion of the Jews and Christians as being close to the goal The Hanefites abandonded their idols and would retreat to the caves of Mecca in meditation and prayer

At age 40 Mohammed had his first vision in the year 610 AD He was in a cave on Mt Hera and thought he was demon possessed He went to Khadijah and told her about the event She consulted with her uncle Waraca, a Hanefite who converted to Christianity, who assured them Mohammed vision was from God Waraca declared Mohammed was a prophet to the Arab peoples, Waraca died 2 years later never becoming a Muslim

Mohammed proclaimed Allah as the one true god and rejected the idol worship of Mecca Khadijah, his wife, was Mohammed first convert to Islam Few listened to Mohammed’s message and animosity grew against him as he confronted the idol worshippers and preached his religion to Mecca Abu Talib his uncle and his tribe the Hasims protected him during this early Meccan period In 619 Khadijah and Abu Talib died Abu Talib headed the Hasim clan, which Mohammed was a member The new leader of the Hasim tribe his uncle Abu Lahab refused to protect Mohammed During the next 3 years Mohammed would fear for his life He sought refuge and protection in nearby cities from those seeking his life

Then in 621 during the Hajj, Arab tribes from the city of Yatrob later to be called Medina, came for the annual pilgrimage They met Mohammed and thought him to be a prophet and invited him to their city to bring peace and settle disputes between the warring tribes Yathrob was founded by three Jewish tribes and the idea of monotheism was familiar to its Arab tribesmen The Arabs of Medina had been told by Jewish tribesmen about the coming Messiah who would one day conquer the world including the Arabs The Arab tribes hoped to find this individual before the Jews Meeting Mohammed they thought he was the one

The Hejira (Flight)

The next year the situation became intolerable for the Muslims and in in June 622 they made what has become known as the Hejira or flight In small groups the 150 Muslims of Mecca left for the city of Medina 280 miles to the north When word reached those of Mecca about the escape to Medina they tried to kill Mohammed Mohammed and Abu Bakr were able to sneak out of the city and escape to Medina by another route in September 622

In Medina the warring Arab tribes submitted to Mohammed leadership and prophet-hood The Jewish tribes rejected his claims of prophet and ridiculed his revelations With most of the new arrivals from Mecca without work they needed to earn a living Ghazu or caravan raiding was a way tribes would prevent one tribe from becoming to powerful The Muslims in Medina began to rob the caravans heading toward Mecca This is where the Muslim doctrine of Jihad was created

With their caravan business being threatened, Mecca responds with one thousand solders at the battle of Bedr in March 624 the Muslims fielded 300 warriors The battle went to the Muslims Mohammed proclaimed his victory was a sign from Allah and his status in Medina was magnified The lack of enthusiasm by one of the Jewish tribes caused them to be expelled by the victorious Muslim army The direction of prayer was also changed from Jerusalem to Mecca as the Jews rejected Mohammad’s prophet-hood

Exactly one year latter Mecca amassed 3000 solders at the battle of Uhud and the Muslims fielded 1000 solders The battle did not go as planned The Muslims defeated by Mecca retreated to Medina Disheartened, Muslims blamed the second Jewish tribe as conspirators against their cause Their homes and possessions were confiscated, and they are expelled from the city in 626 AD

The Meccans in the hope of ending the caravan raids by the Muslims assembled 10,000 solders to attack the city of Medina in the year 627 After a two weeks siege in the hot sun they are unable to penetrate the fortress like city They returned to Mecca After this unsuccessful attack, Mohammed and the Muslims attacked the last remaining Jewish tribe The tribe surrendered to the mercy of Mohammed The men were killed and the women and children were sold into slavery

The Muslims then begin to consolidate their power with the surrounding Arab tribes and cities

Mecca began to feel the economic impact of its trading losses and Mohammed’s power grew in the north They reluctantly signed the 10 year Hudaybiah peace agreement with Mohammed and the Muslims in march 628 Muslims are allowed to return to Mecca and worship at the Kaba once a year The people of Mecca would leave their city so the Muslim could come and worship

Two years later, in January 630, Mohammed leads 10,000 warriors to Mecca and nullifies the treaty of Hudaybiah because Muslims have been killed The city submits to Mohammed and his warriors and accepts him as prophet Mohammed goes to the Kaba and destroys the 360 idols in the structure From Mecca, the “Muslims” wage Jihad on the surrounding cities forcing them to accept Islam as their religion and Mohammed as their prophet

Mohammed made his final Hajj in 632 and died unexpectedly 3 months later in June His friend and father in law Abu Bakr (Father of Aisha) succeeded him as leader of the Muslims