Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün İngilizce Hayatı

**Prof. Dr. Sinsi** · 07-25-2012

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün İngilizce Hayatı
(Dönem ödevi hazırlayan öğrenci arkadaşlar için büyük kolaylık!)

ATATURK'S LIFE

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881 - 1938) was the founder and the first President of the Republic of TURKEY

Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in Salonika (Thessaloniki, today in Greece, then under the Ottomanrule)

His father's name was Ali Riza Efendi

His father was customs official

His mother's name was Zubeyde Hanim

For his primary education, he went to the school of Semsi Efendi in Salonika

But Mustafa lost his father at an early age, he had to leave school

Mustafa and his mother went to live with his uncle in the countryside

His mother brought him up

Life continued like this for a time

Mustafa worked on the farm but his mother began to worry about his lack of schooling

It was finally decided that he should live with his mother's sister in Salonika

He entered the Military Middle School in Salonika

In 1895, after finishing the Military Middle School, Mustafa Kemal entered the Military High School (Askeri Idadisi) in Manastir

After successfully completing his studies at the Manastir Military School, Mustafa Kemal went to ISTANBUL and on the 13th of March 1899 he entered the infantry class of the Military Academy (Harbiye Harp Okulu)

After finishing the Military Academy, Mustafa Kemal went on to the General Staff College in 1902

He was graduated from the Academy with the rank of captain on the 11th of January, 1905

In 1906, he was sent to Damascus (Sam)

Mustafa Kemal and his friends founded a society which they called "Vatan ve Hurriyet" (Fatherland and Freedom) in Damascus

On his own initiative, he went to Tripoli during the war with Italy in 1911 and took part in the defense of Derne and Tobruk

While he was still in Libya, the Balkan War broke out

He served in the Balkan War as a successful Commander (1912-1914)

At the end of the Balkan War, Mustafa Kemal was appointed military attach頩n Sofia

When Mustafa Kemal was in Sofia, the First World War broke out

He was made Commander of the Anafartalar Group on 8th of August, 1915

In the First World War he was in command of the Turkish forces at Anafartalar at a critical moment

This was when the Allied landings in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Bogazi) took place and he personally saved the situation in Gallipoli

During the battle, Mustafa Kemal was hit by shrapnel above the heart, but a watch in his breast pocket saved his life

Mustafa Kemal explained his state of mind as he accepted this great responsibility: "Indeed, it was not easy to shoulder such responsibility, but as I had decided not to live to see my country's destruction, I accepted it proudly"

He then served in the Caucasus and in Syria and just before the armistice in 1918 he was placed in command of the Lightning Army group in Syria

After the armistice (peace agreement), he returned to Istanbul

After the Armistice of Montreux, the countries that had signed the agreement did not consider it necessary to abide by its terms

Under various pretexts the navies and the armies of the Entente (France, Britain and Italy) were in Istanbul, while the province of Adana had been occupied by the French, and Urfa and Maras by the British

There were Italian soldiers in Antalya and Konya , and British soldiers in Merzifon and Samsun

There were foreign officers, officials and agents almost everywhere in the country

On the 15th of May 1919 the Greek Army landed in Izmir with the agreement of the Entente

Under difficult conditions, Mustafa Kemal decided to go to Anatolia

On 16th of May 1919, he left Istanbul in a small boat called the "Bandirma"

Mustafa Kemal was warned that his enemies had planned to sink his ship on the way out, but he was not afraid and on Monday19th May 1919, he arrived in Samsun and set foot on Anatolian soil

That date marks the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence

It is also the date that Mustafa Kemal later chose as his own birthday

A wave of national resistance arose in Anatolian

A movement had already begun in Erzurum in the east and Mustafa Kemal quickly placed himself at the head of the whole organization

The congresses in Erzurum and Sivas in the Summer of 1919 declared the national aims by a national pact

When the foreign armies occupied Istanbul , on 23rd of April 1920 Mustafa Kemal opened the Turkish Grand National Assemble and hence established a provisional new government, the centre of which was to be Ankara

On the same day Mustafa Kemal was elected President of the Grand National Assembly

The Greeks, profiting by the rebellion of Cerkez Ethem and acting in collaboration with him, started to advance towards Bursa and Eskisehir

On the 10th of January 1921, the enemy forces were heavily defeated by the Commander of the Western Front, colonel Ismet and his troops

On the 10th of July 1921, the Greeks launched a frontal attack with five divisions on Sakarya

After the great battle of Sakarya , which continued without interruption from the 23rd of August to the 13th of September, the Greek Army was defeated and had to retreat

After the battle, the Grand National Assembly gave Mustafa Kemal the titles of Ghazi and Marshal

Mustafa Kemal decided to drive the enemies out of his country and he gave the order that the attack should be launched on the morning of the 26th of August 1922

The bulk of the enemy forces were surrounded and killed or captured on the 30th of August at Dumlupinar

The enemy Commander-in-Chief, General Trikupis, was captured

Or the 9th of September 1922 the fleeing enemy forces were driven into the sea near Izmir

The Turkish forces, under the extraordinary military skills of Kemal Ataturk, fought a War of Independence against the occupying Allied powers and won victories on every front all over the country

On the 24th of July 1923, with the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne , the independence of the new Turkish State was recognized by all countries

Mustafa Kemal built up a new, sturdy, vigorous state

On the 29th of October 1923, he declared the new Turkish Republic

Following the declaration of the Republic he started to his radical to modernize the country

Mustafa Kemal was elected the first President of the Republic of Turkey

Ataturk made frequent tours of the country

While visiting Gemlik and Bursa , Ataturk caught a chill

He returned to Istanbul to be treated and to rest, but, unfortunately Ataturk was seriously ill

At 9

05 AM on the 10th of November 1938, Atatürk died, but he attained immortality in the eyes of his people

Since the moment of his death, his beloved name and memory have been engraved on the hearts of his people

As a commander he had been the victorious of many battles, as a leader he had influenced the masses, as a statesman he had led a successful administration, and as a revolutionary he had striven to alter the social, cultural, economic, political and legal structure of society at its roots

He was one of the most eminent personalities in the history of the world, history will count him among the most glorious sons of the Turkish nation and one of the greatest leaders of mankind

EVENTS IN ATATURK'S LIFE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

1881

Mustafa born in Salonika (Thessaloniki)

1893

Mustafa enters the Military Preparatory School in Salonika and is given the second name "Kemal" by his teacher

1895

Mustafa Kemal enters the Military High School at Manastir

1899

Mustafa Kemal enters the infantry class of the Military Academy in Istanbul

1902

Mustafa Kemal graduates from the Military Academy and goes on to the General Staff College

January 11, 1905

Mustafa Kemal graduates from the General Staff College with the rank of Staff Captain and is posted to the Fifth Army, based in Damascus

October 1906

Mustafa Kemal and his friends from the secret society "Fatherland and Freedom" in Damascus

September 1907

Mustafa Kemal transferred to Third Army and goes to Salonika

September 13, 1911

Mustafa Kemal transferred to General Staff in Istanbul

January 9, 1912

Mustafa Kemal successfully leads the Tobruk offensive in Libya

November 25, 1912

Mustafa Kemal appointed Director of Operations, Mediterranean Straits Special Forces

October 27, 1913

Mustafa Kemal appointed Military Attach頩n Sofia

April 25, 1915

Allies land at Ariburnu (Gallipoli) and Mustafa Kemal stops their progress with his division

August 9, 1915

Mustafa Kemal appointed Commander of Anafartalar Group

April 1, 1916

Mustafa Kemal promoted to Brigadier-General

August 6-7, 1916

Mustafa Kemal takes Bitlis and Mus back from the enemy

October 31, 1918

Mustafa Kemal becomes Commander of Lightning Group of Armies

April 30, 1919

Mustafa Kemal appointed Inspector of 9th Army based in Erzurum with wide powers

May 16, 1919

Mustafa Kemal leaves Istanbul

May 19, 1919

Mustafa Kemal lands in Samsun

This date was recorded as the start of War of Independence

July 8, 1919

Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of 3rd Army and from the army

July 23, 1919

Mustafa Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress

September 4, 1919

Mustafa Kemal elected Chairman of Sivas Congress

December 27, 1919

Mustafa Kemal arrives in Ankara with the Executive Committee

April 23, 1920

Mustafa Kemal opens the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara

May 11, 1920

Mustafa Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Istanbul

August 5, 1921

Mustafa Kemal appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army by the Grand National Assembly

August 23, 1921

The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal

September 19, 1921

The Grand National Assembly gives Mustafa Kemal the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi

August 26, 1922

Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead the Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe

August 30, 1922

Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha wins the battle of Dumlupinar

September 10, 1922

Gazi Mustafa Kemal enters Izmir

November 1, 1922

The Grand National Assembly accepts Gazi Mustafa Kemal's proposal to abolish the Sultanate

January 14, 1923

Mustafa Kemal's mother Zubeyde Hanim dies in Izmir

October 29, 1923

Proclamation of the Turkish Republic and Gazi Mustafa Kemal is elected as the first President

August 24, 1924

Gazi Mustafa Kemal wears a hat for the first time at Sarayburnu in Istanbul

August 9, 1928

Gazi Mustafa Kemal speaks at Sarayburnu on the new Turkish Alphabet

April 12, 1931

Gazi Mustafa Kemal founds the Turkish Historical Society

July 12, 1932

Gazi Mustafa Kemal founds the Turkish Linguistic Society

June 16, 1934

The Grand National Assembly passes a law granting Gazi Mustafa Kemal the surname "Ataturk"

November 10, 1938

Ataturk dies at 09:05 in Dolmabahce Palace , Istanbul

07-25-2012	#1
Prof. Dr. Sinsi	Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün İngilizce Hayatı Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün İngilizce Hayatı (Dönem ödevi hazırlayan öğrenci arkadaşlar için büyük kolaylık!) ATATURK'S LIFE Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881 - 1938) was the founder and the first President of the Republic of TURKEY Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881 in Salonika (Thessaloniki, today in Greece, then under the Ottomanrule) His father's name was Ali Riza Efendi His father was customs official His mother's name was Zubeyde Hanim For his primary education, he went to the school of Semsi Efendi in Salonika But Mustafa lost his father at an early age, he had to leave school Mustafa and his mother went to live with his uncle in the countryside His mother brought him up Life continued like this for a time Mustafa worked on the farm but his mother began to worry about his lack of schooling It was finally decided that he should live with his mother's sister in Salonika He entered the Military Middle School in Salonika In 1895, after finishing the Military Middle School, Mustafa Kemal entered the Military High School (Askeri Idadisi) in Manastir After successfully completing his studies at the Manastir Military School, Mustafa Kemal went to ISTANBUL and on the 13th of March 1899 he entered the infantry class of the Military Academy (Harbiye Harp Okulu) After finishing the Military Academy, Mustafa Kemal went on to the General Staff College in 1902 He was graduated from the Academy with the rank of captain on the 11th of January, 1905 In 1906, he was sent to Damascus (Sam) Mustafa Kemal and his friends founded a society which they called "Vatan ve Hurriyet" (Fatherland and Freedom) in Damascus On his own initiative, he went to Tripoli during the war with Italy in 1911 and took part in the defense of Derne and Tobruk While he was still in Libya, the Balkan War broke out He served in the Balkan War as a successful Commander (1912-1914) At the end of the Balkan War, Mustafa Kemal was appointed military attach頩n Sofia When Mustafa Kemal was in Sofia, the First World War broke out He was made Commander of the Anafartalar Group on 8th of August, 1915 In the First World War he was in command of the Turkish forces at Anafartalar at a critical moment This was when the Allied landings in the Dardanelles (Canakkale Bogazi) took place and he personally saved the situation in Gallipoli During the battle, Mustafa Kemal was hit by shrapnel above the heart, but a watch in his breast pocket saved his life Mustafa Kemal explained his state of mind as he accepted this great responsibility: "Indeed, it was not easy to shoulder such responsibility, but as I had decided not to live to see my country's destruction, I accepted it proudly" He then served in the Caucasus and in Syria and just before the armistice in 1918 he was placed in command of the Lightning Army group in Syria After the armistice (peace agreement), he returned to Istanbul After the Armistice of Montreux, the countries that had signed the agreement did not consider it necessary to abide by its terms Under various pretexts the navies and the armies of the Entente (France, Britain and Italy) were in Istanbul, while the province of Adana had been occupied by the French, and Urfa and Maras by the British There were Italian soldiers in Antalya and Konya , and British soldiers in Merzifon and Samsun There were foreign officers, officials and agents almost everywhere in the country On the 15th of May 1919 the Greek Army landed in Izmir with the agreement of the Entente Under difficult conditions, Mustafa Kemal decided to go to Anatolia On 16th of May 1919, he left Istanbul in a small boat called the "Bandirma" Mustafa Kemal was warned that his enemies had planned to sink his ship on the way out, but he was not afraid and on Monday19th May 1919, he arrived in Samsun and set foot on Anatolian soil That date marks the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence It is also the date that Mustafa Kemal later chose as his own birthday A wave of national resistance arose in Anatolian A movement had already begun in Erzurum in the east and Mustafa Kemal quickly placed himself at the head of the whole organization The congresses in Erzurum and Sivas in the Summer of 1919 declared the national aims by a national pact When the foreign armies occupied Istanbul , on 23rd of April 1920 Mustafa Kemal opened the Turkish Grand National Assemble and hence established a provisional new government, the centre of which was to be Ankara On the same day Mustafa Kemal was elected President of the Grand National Assembly The Greeks, profiting by the rebellion of Cerkez Ethem and acting in collaboration with him, started to advance towards Bursa and Eskisehir On the 10th of January 1921, the enemy forces were heavily defeated by the Commander of the Western Front, colonel Ismet and his troops On the 10th of July 1921, the Greeks launched a frontal attack with five divisions on Sakarya After the great battle of Sakarya , which continued without interruption from the 23rd of August to the 13th of September, the Greek Army was defeated and had to retreat After the battle, the Grand National Assembly gave Mustafa Kemal the titles of Ghazi and Marshal Mustafa Kemal decided to drive the enemies out of his country and he gave the order that the attack should be launched on the morning of the 26th of August 1922 The bulk of the enemy forces were surrounded and killed or captured on the 30th of August at Dumlupinar The enemy Commander-in-Chief, General Trikupis, was captured Or the 9th of September 1922 the fleeing enemy forces were driven into the sea near Izmir The Turkish forces, under the extraordinary military skills of Kemal Ataturk, fought a War of Independence against the occupying Allied powers and won victories on every front all over the country On the 24th of July 1923, with the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne , the independence of the new Turkish State was recognized by all countries Mustafa Kemal built up a new, sturdy, vigorous state On the 29th of October 1923, he declared the new Turkish Republic Following the declaration of the Republic he started to his radical to modernize the country Mustafa Kemal was elected the first President of the Republic of Turkey Ataturk made frequent tours of the country While visiting Gemlik and Bursa , Ataturk caught a chill He returned to Istanbul to be treated and to rest, but, unfortunately Ataturk was seriously ill At 905 AM on the 10th of November 1938, Atatürk died, but he attained immortality in the eyes of his people Since the moment of his death, his beloved name and memory have been engraved on the hearts of his people As a commander he had been the victorious of many battles, as a leader he had influenced the masses, as a statesman he had led a successful administration, and as a revolutionary he had striven to alter the social, cultural, economic, political and legal structure of society at its roots He was one of the most eminent personalities in the history of the world, history will count him among the most glorious sons of the Turkish nation and one of the greatest leaders of mankind EVENTS IN ATATURK'S LIFE IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 1881 Mustafa born in Salonika (Thessaloniki) 1893 Mustafa enters the Military Preparatory School in Salonika and is given the second name "Kemal" by his teacher 1895 Mustafa Kemal enters the Military High School at Manastir 1899 Mustafa Kemal enters the infantry class of the Military Academy in Istanbul 1902 Mustafa Kemal graduates from the Military Academy and goes on to the General Staff College January 11, 1905 Mustafa Kemal graduates from the General Staff College with the rank of Staff Captain and is posted to the Fifth Army, based in Damascus October 1906 Mustafa Kemal and his friends from the secret society "Fatherland and Freedom" in Damascus September 1907 Mustafa Kemal transferred to Third Army and goes to Salonika September 13, 1911 Mustafa Kemal transferred to General Staff in Istanbul January 9, 1912 Mustafa Kemal successfully leads the Tobruk offensive in Libya November 25, 1912 Mustafa Kemal appointed Director of Operations, Mediterranean Straits Special Forces October 27, 1913 Mustafa Kemal appointed Military Attach頩n Sofia April 25, 1915 Allies land at Ariburnu (Gallipoli) and Mustafa Kemal stops their progress with his division August 9, 1915 Mustafa Kemal appointed Commander of Anafartalar Group April 1, 1916 Mustafa Kemal promoted to Brigadier-General August 6-7, 1916 Mustafa Kemal takes Bitlis and Mus back from the enemy October 31, 1918 Mustafa Kemal becomes Commander of Lightning Group of Armies April 30, 1919 Mustafa Kemal appointed Inspector of 9th Army based in Erzurum with wide powers May 16, 1919 Mustafa Kemal leaves Istanbul May 19, 1919 Mustafa Kemal lands in Samsun This date was recorded as the start of War of Independence July 8, 1919 Mustafa Kemal resigns from the post of Inspector of 3rd Army and from the army July 23, 1919 Mustafa Kemal elected Chairman of Erzurum Congress September 4, 1919 Mustafa Kemal elected Chairman of Sivas Congress December 27, 1919 Mustafa Kemal arrives in Ankara with the Executive Committee April 23, 1920 Mustafa Kemal opens the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara May 11, 1920 Mustafa Kemal is condemned to death by the government in Istanbul August 5, 1921 Mustafa Kemal appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Army by the Grand National Assembly August 23, 1921 The battle of Sakarya begins with Turkish troops led by Mustafa Kemal September 19, 1921 The Grand National Assembly gives Mustafa Kemal the rank of Marshal and the title Gazi August 26, 1922 Gazi Mustafa Kemal begins to lead the Great Offensive from the hill of Kocatepe August 30, 1922 Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha wins the battle of Dumlupinar September 10, 1922 Gazi Mustafa Kemal enters Izmir November 1, 1922 The Grand National Assembly accepts Gazi Mustafa Kemal's proposal to abolish the Sultanate January 14, 1923 Mustafa Kemal's mother Zubeyde Hanim dies in Izmir October 29, 1923 Proclamation of the Turkish Republic and Gazi Mustafa Kemal is elected as the first President August 24, 1924 Gazi Mustafa Kemal wears a hat for the first time at Sarayburnu in Istanbul August 9, 1928 Gazi Mustafa Kemal speaks at Sarayburnu on the new Turkish Alphabet April 12, 1931 Gazi Mustafa Kemal founds the Turkish Historical Society July 12, 1932 Gazi Mustafa Kemal founds the Turkish Linguistic Society June 16, 1934 The Grand National Assembly passes a law granting Gazi Mustafa Kemal the surname "Ataturk" November 10, 1938 Ataturk dies at 09:05 in Dolmabahce Palace , Istanbul