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Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie
Dame Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Christie 
Agatha Christie's memorial plaque, Torre Abbey Agatha Christie's anma plak, Torre Abbey Born Doğmak Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller
15 September 1890 ( 1890-09-15 ) 15 Eylül 1890 (1890/09/15)
Torquay , Devon , England Torquay, Devon, İngiltere Died Ölüm 12 January 1976 (aged 85) 12 Ocak 1976 () 85 yaş
Wallingford , Oxfordshire , England Wallingford, Oxfordshire, İngiltere Pen name Takma ad Mary Westmacott Mary Westmacott Occupation Meslek Novelist Romancı Nationality Uyruk British İngiliz Genres Tarzlar Murder mystery , Thriller , Crime fiction , Romances Cinayet gizem, Polisiye Roman, Suç kurgu, romances Literary movement Edebiyat hareketi Golden Age of Detective Fiction Golden Age Dedektif Yanlışlar ve Spouse(s) Eş (ler) Archibald Christie (1914-1928) Archibald Christie (1914-1928)
Max Mallowan (1930-1976) Maks Mallowan (1930-1976)
Influences Etkilendikleri [show]
Edgar Allan Poe , Anna Katherine Green , Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , GK Chesterton Edgar Allan Poe, Anna Katherine Yeşil, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, GK Chesterton
Influenced Etkisinde [show]
Ruth Rendell , PD James , Robert Barnard Ruth Rendell, PD James, Robert Barnard
Official website Resmi web sitesi Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan , DBE (née Miller ; 15 September 1890 – 12 January 1976), commonly known as Agatha Christie , was an English crime writer of novels , short stories and plays  Agatha Mary Clarissa, Lady Mallowan, DBE (kızlık soyadı Miller; 15 Eylül 1890 - 12 Ocak 1976), yaygın olarak bilinen Agatha Christie, romanlar bir İngilizce suç yazar, kısa hikayeler ve çalar oldu She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott , but is best remembered for her 80 detective novels and her successful West End theatre plays Her works, particularly featuring detectives Hercule
Poirot or Miss Jane Marple , have given her the title the 'Queen of Crime' and made her one of the most important and innovative writers in the development of the genre
Christie has been referred to by the Guinness Book of World Records as the best-selling writer of books of all time and the best-selling writer of any kind, along with William Shakespeare Only the Bible is known to have outsold her collected sales of roughly four billion copies of novels [ 1 ] UNESCO states that she is currently the most translated individual author in the world with only the collective corporate works of Walt Disney Productions surpassing her [ 2 ] Christie's books have been translated into (at least) 56 languages
Her stage play The Mousetrap holds the record for the longest initial run in the world, opening at the Ambassadors Theatre in London on 25 November, 1952, and as of 2009 is still running after more than 23,000 performances In 1955 Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America 's highest honour, the Grand Master Award , and in the same year, Witness for the Prosecution was given an Edgar Award by the MWA, for Best Play Most of her books and short stories have been filmed, some many times over ( Murder on the Orient Express , Death on the Nile and 450 From Paddington for instance), and many have been adapted for television , radio , video games and comics
In 1968 Booker Books, a subsidiary of the agri-industrial conglomerate Booker-McConnell , bought a 51 percent stake in Agatha Christie Limited, the private company that Christie had set up for tax purposes Booker later increased its stake to 64 percent In 1998, Booker sold its shares to Chorion , a company whose portfolio also includes the literary estates of Enid Blyton and Dennis Wheatley [ 3 ]
Biyografi
Erken yaşamı ve ilk evlilik
Annesi, Clarissa Margaret Boehmer, bir İngiliz ordusu kaptan [4] ve kızı, ama oldu bir zengin Amerikalı, ikinci karısı olduğunu kendi anne kız kardeşi ile birlikte yaşayan bir çocuk olarak gönderilir olmuştur Eventually Margaret married her stepfather's son from his first marriage, Frederick Alvah Miller, an American stockbroker Thus the two women Agatha called "Grannie" were sisters Despite her father's nationality as a " New Yorker " and her aunt's relation to the Pierpont Morgans, Agatha never claimed United States citizenship or connection [ 5 ]
Monty, ten years older than Agatha Later, in her autobiography, [ 6 ]
Despite turbulent courtship, on Christmas Eve 1914 Agatha married Archibald Christie, an aviator in the Royal Flying Corps who was beginning to earn a reputation as an aviator ace The couple had one daughter, Rosalind Hicks They divorced in 1928, two years after Christie discovered her husband was having an affair It was during this marriage that she published her first novel in 1920, The Mysterious Affair at Styles
During World War I she worked at a hospital and then a pharmacy , a job that influenced her work, as many of the murders in her books are carried out with poison
Yorkshire Agatha onu evden kayboldu Aynı akşam, onun sekreteri o Yorkshire giderek olduğunu söyleyerek bir mektup geride bırakarak Her disappearance caused an outcry from the public, many of whom were admirers of Agatha Christie's novels Despite a massive manhunt, there were no results until eleven days later [ 7 ]
Agatha Christie's gravestone in Cholsey Cholsey de Agatha Christie's mezar taşı
Eleven days after her disappearance, Christie was identified as a guest at the Swan Hydropathic Hotel (now the Old Swan Hotel [ 8 ] ) in Harrogate , Yorkshire where she was registered as 'Mrs Teresa Neele' from Cape Town Christie gave no account of her disappearance Although two doctors had diagnosed her as suffering from amnesia , opinion remains divided as to the reasons for her disappearance
One suggestion is that she had suffered a nervous breakdown brought about by a natural propensity for depression , exacerbated by her mother's death earlier that year, and the discovery of her husband's infidelity Public reaction at the time was largely negative with many believing it was all just a publicity stunt , whilst others speculated she was trying to make the police think her husband killed her as revenge for his affair [ 9 ]
İkinci evlilik ve sonraki yaşam
In 1930 Christie married archaeologist Max Mallowan after joining him in an archaeological dig Their marriage was especially happy in the early years and remained so until Christie's death in 1976 [ 10 ] Mallowan rewed in 1977 to his longtime associate, Barbara Parker [ 10 ]
Christie's travels with Mallowan contributed background to several of her novels set in the Middle East Other novels (such as And Then There Were None ) were set in and around Torquay , Devon where she was born Christie's 1934 novel, Murder on the Orient Express was written in the Hotel Pera Palace in Istanbul , Turkey , the southern terminus of the railway
romanı, the Orient Express üzerinde Cinayet Hotel Pera Palace İstanbul, Türkiye, bir demiryolu ve güney TERMINUS basıldı The hotel maintains Christie's room as a memorial to the author [ 11 ] The Greenway Estate in Devon, acquired by the couple as a summer residence in 1938, is now in the care of the National Trust Christie often stayed at Abney Hall in Cheshire , which was owned by her brother-in-law, James Watts
Watt She based at least two of her stories on the hall: The short story The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding , which is in the story collection of the same name, and the novel After the Funeral "Abney became Agatha's greatest inspiration for country-house life, with all the servants and grandeur which have been woven into her plots The descriptions of the fictional Styles, Chimneys, Stoneygates and the other houses in her stories are mostly Abney in various forms " [ 12 ]
Agatha Christie's room at the Hotel Pera Palace, where she wrote Murder on the Orient Express
To honour her many literary works, she was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1956 The next year, she became the President of the Detection Club In 1971 she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire , three years after her husband was knighted in 1968 for his archeological work [ 13 ]
From 1971 to 1974, Christie's health began to fail however she continued to write In 1975, sensing her increasing weakness, Christie signed over the rights of her most successful play, The Mousetrap , to her grandson [ 10 ] Agatha Christie died on 12 January 1976, at age 85, from natural causes, at her Winterbrook House in the north of Cholsey parish , adjoining Wallingford in Oxfordshire (formerly Berkshire) She is buried in the nearby St Mary's Churchyard in Cholsey
Christie's only child, Rosalind Margaret Hicks died, also aged 85, on 28 October 2004 from natural causes, in Torbay , Devon [ 14 ] Christie's grandson, Mathew Prichard, was heir to the copyright to some of his grandmother's literary work (including The Mousetrap ) and is still associated with Agatha Christie Limited
Hercule Poirot ve Miss Marple
Agatha Christie's first novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 and introduced the long-running character detective Hercule Poirot , who appeared in 33 of Christie's novels and 54 short stories
Her other well known character, Miss Marple , was introduced in The Tuesday Night Club in 1927 (short story), and was based on women like Christie's grandmother and her "cronies" [ 15 ]
During World War II , Christie wrote two novels, Curtain and Sleeping Murder , intended as the last cases of these two great detectives, Hercule Poirot and Jane Marple, respectively Both books were sealed in a bank vault for over thirty years, and were released for publication by Christie only at the end of her life, when she realized that she could not write any more novels These publications came on the heels of the success of the film version of Murder on the Orient Express in 1974
Like Arthur Conan Doyle with Sherlock Holmes, Christie was to become increasingly tired of her detective, Poirot In fact, by the end of the 1930s, Christie confided to her diary that she was finding Poirot “insufferable," and by the 1960s she felt that he was "an ego-centric creep " However, unlike Conan Doyle, Christie resisted the temptation to kill her detective off while he was still popular She saw herself as an entertainer whose job was to produce what the public liked, and the
public liked Poirot [ 16 ]
In contrast, Christie was fond of Miss Marple However it is interesting to note that the Belgian detective's titles outnumber the Marple titles by more than two to one This is largely because Christie wrote numerous Poirot novels early in her career, while The Murder at the Vicarage remained the sole Marple novel until the 1940s
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